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Omayra Sánchez, la niña de 13 años que luchó por su vida durante tres días atrapada en el lodo

La adolescente quedó atrapada en el lodo que arrasó Armero, mientras el país y el mundo seguían en vivo su lenta agonía.

Era el 13 de noviembre de 1985. El volcán Nevado del Ruiz, en Colombia, despertó después de décadas y desató una avalancha de lodo a 60 km/h, sepultando al municipio de Armero, departamento de Tolima, y arrastrando a más de 20.000 personas.

En medio del caos apareció Omayra Sánchez, una niña de 13 años cuya agonía de 60 horas atrapada en el barro desnudó la devastadora combinación de desastre natural e inacción estatal.

Omayra quedó atrapada bajo un techo de cemento, con el agua hasta el cuello, los escombros sujetándole las piernas y los cuerpos sin vida de su tía y posiblemente de su padre bajo sus pies, recuerda El Tiempo. Los rescatistas intentaron aliviar la presión con una motobomba, que no llegó a cumplir su objetivo. 

Durante las 60 horas que Omayra estuvo atrapada, a su alrededor se turnaban voluntarios, periodistas y rescatistas. Le daban la mano, le cantaban, la ayudaban a mantenerse despierta y con esperanza. En una crónica publicada por el periodista Germán Santamaría registró una frase que la niña les dijo con una lucidez conmovedora: "Váyanse a descansar un ratico y después vengan y me sacan de aquí". 

Las piernas de Omayra estaban atrapadas de forma tal que los rescatistas consideraron la amputación, pero no había equipos ni condiciones higiénicas para llevarla a cabo. La motobomba llegó demasiado tarde.

Sus últimas horas

En medio de sangre y barro, Omayra rezó, recordó que tenía examen de matemáticas y dijo estar "preocupada" porque se había ausentado del colegio dos días y podía fallar el año. 

La frase marcó su entereza y vulnerabilidad. Pero, con el correr de los días, su salud y fuerza se fueron apagando. 

"Ya el Señor me está esperando", afirmó al notar que no llegarían a sacarla a tiempo. Finalmente murió el 16 de noviembre, luego de tres días de agonía. Quienes se encontraban con ella en ese momento, aseguraron que antes de cerrar sus ojos para siempre, la niña miró a los rescatistas y periodistas con una leve sonrisa. 

Tragedia evitable

Según El Tiempo, los geólogos habían alertado desde mediados de año sobre la posible erupción, pero las autoridades no actuaron y el gobierno nacional, encabezado por el entonces presidente Belisario Bentancur, restó importancia a las advertencias científicas. 

Un mes antes del desastre, el Servicio Geológico Colombiano elaboró un mapa de riesgo que advertía que Armero era altamente vulnerable a una avalancha. Sin embargo, la información no fue difundida a la población ni se implementaron protocolos de evacuación.