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Estado Islámico

El insurgente levantamiento violento de la milicia Estado Islámico (EI) está propagándose por Oriente Medio sembrando miedo y muerte.

Todo lo que necesita saber sobre los protagonistas de la actualidad mundial en SEPA MÁS

Actividad: Desde 2003 hasta la actualidad.

Ideología: Sunismo, yihadismo, takfirismo antichií.

Líder actual: Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

Sede: Raqqa, Siria.

Territorios controlados: Irak (Mosul, Faluya, Hit), Siria (Raqqa, Kobane-parcialmente).

Participación en conflictos: la guerra de Irak, la guerra de Siria, la ofensiva de la coalición de Occidente contra el EI. 

Ejército: Unos 30.000 combatientes, nativos de 90 países, con un 10% de europeos.

Historia del nombre:

- 2004: Yama'at al-Tawhid wal-Yihad (Comunidad del Monoteísmo y la Yihad).

- Octubre de 2004: Al-Qaeda en Irak, ya que se une oficialmente a Al Qaeda.

- 2006: Consejo de la Shura de los Muyahidines. Más tarde, durante el mismo año cambió su nombre a Dawlat al-'Iraq al-Islamiyya (Estado Islámico de Irak).

- 2013: Estado Islámico de Irak y el Levante.

-2014: Estado Islámico. Es autoproclamado califato.

Objetivo a corto plazo: La creación en el territorio de Siria, Irak y el Líbano de un Estado sunita islámico que viva bajo la ley islámica.

Objetivo a largo plazo: Ampliar los límites del Estado hasta el 'califato clásico' que se extienda desde las fronteras de España hasta la India.

Mapa interactivo de los aliados del Estado Islámico en el mundo (la ubicación de las formaciones islamistas radicales que han jurado lealtad al EI):

Es reconocido como grupo terrorista por: EE.UU., Australia, Canadá, el Reino Unido, Arabia Saudí, Rusia.

Hechos importantes:

-El EI se ha ganado la reputación como una de las organizaciones islamistas más violentas: practican decapitaciones públicas, fusilamientos masivos y linchamientos. Los militantes del grupo son responsable de numerosos ataques terroristas contra las fuerzas de la OTAN en Irak, crímenes de guerra y genocidio de personas de otras religiones que no sean musulmanes.

-Según expertos, es una de las organizaciones terroristas más ricas, con un presupuesto de más de 2.000 millones de dólares, que diariamente reponen sus activos a través de la especulación en el mercado negro del petróleo.

- El autoproclamado califato recibe miles de millones de dólares del robo de bancos, tiendas, casas privadas, intercambio de rehenes para exigir rescate, la trata de esclavos, el tráfico de órganos, robo y tráfico de antigüedades, el control del tráfico de drogas y los canales de distribución ilegales de hidrocarburos.

Lucha contra el EI: La operación aérea liderada por EE.UU. contra el Estado Islámico, llamada 'Firmeza inquebrantable' (Inherent Resolve), comenzó el 8 de agosto en Irak y el 23 septiembre en Siria de 2014. 

Infografía: El coste de la lucha de EE.UU. contra el Estado Islámico      

INFOGRAFÍA: La diferencia entre las ejecuciones de Arabia Saudita y las del EI