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La Batalla de Kursk: La derrota nazi frente a la URSS que cambió el curso de la II Guerra Mundial

La batalla, en la que participaron cientos de miles de soldados, supuso el fin de la última ofensiva a gran escala del III Reich y también fue el escenario de la mayor batalla de tanques de la II Guerra Mundial.

El 23 de agosto de 1943 terminó la última ofensiva a gran escala en la Segunda Guerra Mundial de la Alemania nazi -que trataba de tomarse la revancha por la derrota en Stalingrado y volver a tener la iniciativa estratégica en su lucha contra la URSS-, al sufrir el III Reich su derrota más categórica, de la que ya nunca se recuperaría: la Batalla de Kursk.

Las cifras de las fuerzas de combate que participaron en esta batalla, que duró 50 largos días y noches, son abrumadoras:

La operación nazi 'Ciudadela', que empezó el 5 de julio de aquel año, se agotó tras 10 días de combate encarnizado debido a la táctica de las fuerzas soviéticas, que optaron por la defensa antes de emprender una contraofensiva el 12 de julio. Ese mismo día, cerca de la estación ferroviaria de Prójorovka, tuvo lugar la mayor batalla de tanques de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Pilotos soviéticos en aviones Il-2 atacan al enemigo. / Fedor Levshin / Sputnik
Pilotos soviéticos en aviones Il-2 atacan al enemigo. / Fedor Levshin / Sputnik
Soldados y oficiales alemanes tomados como prisioneros en la batalla de Kursk. / Sputnik
Soldados soviéticos junto a un tanque alemán Panther destruido por la artillería de la URSS cerca del pueblo de Prójorovka. / Yakov Ryumkin / Sputnik
Militares soviéticos observan un avión nazi bombardeado. / Galina Sanko / Sputnik
Prisioneros alemanes en el 'arco de Kursk'. / Natalia Bode / Sputnik
Residentes de Pokrovka vuelvan a su pueblo liberado por el Ejército Rojo. / Fedor Levshin / Sputnik
Un tanque del III Reich destruido cerca de la estación ferroviaria de Prójorovka durante la batalla de Kursk. / Yakov Ryumkin / Sputnik
Ataque de soldados soviéticos cerca del pueblo de Prójorovka. / Ivan Shagin / Sputnik
Ofensiva del Ejército Rojo durante la batalla de Kursk. / Sputnik
Sputnik
Soldados soviéticos lanzan ataques durante la batalla de Kursk. / Natalia Bode / Sputnik
Contraofensiva de las tropas soviéticas en el ‘arco de Kursk'. / encyclopedia.mil.ru

En esta lucha feroz, que involucró a unos 1.200 tanques y cañones autopropulsados de ambos bandos, las tropas de la Wehrmacht perdieron hasta 400 tanques y armas de asalto. El 16 de julio, la Alemania nazi comenzó a retirar sus fuerzas del lugar, dando paso a una contraofensiva de los soldados de la URSS.

Como resultado de los contrataques, el Ejército Rojo recuperó un vasto territorio, incluyendo las ciudades de Járkov, Oriól y Bélgorod. Desde el 23 de agosto de 1943, la URSS se hizo con la iniciativa bélica, y ya no la abandonaría hasta destruir por completo a la Alemania nazi y tomar Berlín en 1945.

No obstante, la victoria de la Batalla de Kursk fue muy costosa . Las pérdidas del enemigo rondaron los 500.000 muertos, heridos y capturados, mientras que la Unión Soviética perdió unos 860.000 militares, entre muertos y desaparecidos, según la agencia rusa TASS.