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La 'puerta al infierno' siberiana crece a un ritmo exorbitado

En los últimos años, el enorme cráter ha aumentado considerablemente de tamaño, expulsando gases de efecto invernadero y consumiendo la tierra a su alrededor.

Científicos rusos de la Universidad Estatal de Moscú han documentado el rápido ritmo de crecimiento del cráter de Batagaika, ubicado en la república rusa de Sajá, conocido popularmente como 'la puerta al infierno', el mayor cráter de permafrost del mundo. Sus observaciones se recogen en la revista científica Geomorphology.

El origen geológico del cráter de Batagaika se remonta a la década de 1960, cuando se taló parte de un bosque. Unos 25 a 30 años después comenzó el hundimiento de tierras, que continúa incrementándose. Como resultado de este proceso gradual, allí quedaron expuestas capas de permafrost de 650.000 años de antigüedad, lo que lo convierte en el permafrost más antiguo de Siberia y el segundo del mundo.

En los últimos años, el enorme sumidero ha aumentado considerablemente de tamaño, expulsando gases de efecto invernadero y consumiendo la tierra a su alrededor. Esta rapidez indica la intensidad de los procesos que tienen lugar en su interior, capaces de causar graves daños al ecosistema local, advierten los expertos. 

"Una señal de peligro"

El deshielo provocado por el calentamiento global es la principal causa del nuevo colapso, que se está produciendo a un ritmo de 1 millón de metros cúbicos al año, según los datos de este mes. En junio del año pasado, el cráter alcanzó una anchura de 990 metros, lo que supone un aumento de 200 metros en la última década. Además, cada año se liberan unas 4.000-5.000 toneladas de carbono orgánico, previamente encerrado en el permafrost.

Aunque el insólito paisaje puede atraer a los turistas, la expansión del cráter es "una señal de peligro", declaró a Reuters en el 2023 Nikita Tananaev, destacado investigador del Instituto Melnikov de Ciencias del Permafrost de Yakutsk.

También señaló que el suelo bajo el derrumbe, de unos 100 metros de profundidad en algunas zonas, contiene una "enorme cantidad" de carbono orgánico que se liberará a la atmósfera al descongelarse el permafrost, incrementando aún más el calentamiento del planeta. Por lo tanto, es de esperar un calentamiento climático aún mayor en los próximos años, señaló.

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