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Ozempic podría provocar la pérdida de masa muscular

En un estudio se observó una reducción del músculo esquelético en personas que ingerían semaglutida y tirzepatida, conocidos respectivamente con el nombre comercial de Ozempic y Mounjaro.

Un grupo de investigadores de instituciones científicas de Canadá y EE.UU. reveló que existe la posibilidad de que los medicamentos empleados para tratar la obesidad ocasionen una pérdida considerable de masa muscular durante el proceso de reducción de peso, informó la Universidad Estatal de Luisiana.

El músculo esquelético desempeña una función importante no solo en la fuerza y en las actividades físicas, sino también en el estado metabólico, así como en la regulación del sistema inmunológico.

Las personas suelen perder masa muscular de forma natural a medida que envejecen. No obstante, esta afección aumenta los riesgos de infecciones y otros problemas de salud, en caso de que se padezca a una edad temprana.

Un riesgoso efecto adverso

En un estudio recientemente publicado en la revista The Lancet se reportó que los fármacos como la semaglutida y la tirzepatida, conocidos con el nombre comercial de Ozempic y Mounjaro respectivamente, provocaron la disminución de masa corporal en los pacientes que los ingerían.

De acuerdo con los científicos, esta afección representa entre el 25 % y el 39 % del peso total perdido en un período de 36 a 72 semanas. Asimismo, señalaron que este porcentaje de pérdida de masa muscular es mayor al observado comúnmente en la restricción de calorías sin la intervención de medicamentos o el envejecimiento.

Por otro lado, los autores de la investigación indicaron que este efecto adverso incrementa las posibilidades de desarrollar obesidad sarcopénica, un término empleado para relacionar el aumento de la masa grasa con la disminución de masa muscular.

Hasta el momento, se desconocen los efectos a corto plazo de la pérdida de masa muscular en la fuerza y la función física. Sin embargo, los especialistas mencionaron que se deben realizar más estudios para conocer cómo esta afección podría afectar a la composición y la calidad muscular.

No olvidar la nutrición y el ejercicio

La investigadora Carla Prado, que participó en el estudio, advirtió de que no se busca generar alarma con los resultados, sino concientizar a la población de que "incluso con estos medicamentos" no se puede hacer caso omiso a "la nutrición y el ejercicio". Por su parte, el profesor Steven Heymsflied comentó que se está examinando las maneras de controlar efectivamente "la pérdida de músculo con el consumo de una cantidad adecuada de proteínas junto con una cantidad óptima de ejercicio".

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