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Rusia vende cantidades récord de gas natural licuado y la UE compra más de la mitad

Los datos contradicen las promesas de Bruselas de deshacerse por completo de la energía rusa.

Rusia exportó en 2024 la cifra récord de 33,6 millones de toneladas de gas natural licuado (GNL), de las que más de la mitad fueron suministradas al mercado de la Unión Europea, informó el martes el diario económico RBK citando datos de la empresa de análisis Kpler.

La cifra representa un aumento del 4 % en comparación con el volumen de envíos realizados en 2023 y supera el récord anterior de 32,9 millones de toneladas establecido en 2022, señala el informe. Además, Rusia rompió en diciembre la marca de entregas mensuales, exportando 3,25 millones de toneladas de GNL, lo que supone un aumento de casi el 14 % en comparación con el nivel de noviembre y un 1,3 % más que el máximo anterior, establecido en diciembre de 2023.

En 2024, aproximadamente 17,4 millones de toneladas, o el 52%, de las exportaciones totales de GNL ruso se destinaron a la UE, lo que supone un aumento de cuatro puntos porcentuales respecto a 2023, según el informe. El aumento se produjo a pesar de los esfuerzos de Bruselas por deshacerse por completo de la energía rusa.

Francia (6,3 millones de toneladas), España (4,8 millones), Bélgica (4,4 millones) y los Países Bajos (1,3 millones) fueron los mayores compradores de GNL ruso el año pasado.

Por otro lado, aproximadamente el 45 % de las exportaciones totales, equivalentes a 15,2 millones de toneladas, se envió a los mercados asiáticos. China fue el principal comprador de la región, con 7 millones de toneladas, seguida de Japón, con 5,7 millones.

El diario Politico informó recientemente que, en 2025, la UE está comprando GNL a Rusia a un ritmo sin precedentes y que la mayor parte de estas compras se realizan mediante contratos a largo plazo.

En este contexto, Bloomberg reportó que Bruselas está considerando eliminar progresivamente el GNL procedente del país euroasiático mediante un nuevo paquete de sanciones antirrusas, pero los borradores de las propuestas aún se están debatiendo y su contenido final podría cambiar.