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Captan un espectáculo de luces alrededor de un agujero negro de nuestra galaxia

Este fenómeno lumínico pudo ser identificado gracias a las observaciones obtenidas por el telescopio espacial James durante un total de 48 horas en el transcurso de un año.

El agujero negro supermasivo que se encuentra en el centro de la Vía Láctea, conocido como Sagitario A*, es más activo de lo que se pensaba, puesto que se detectó un parpadeo constante de luz proveniente del disco de gas y polvo que gira a su alrededor (disco de acreción), informó este martes la NASA.

El espectáculo lumínico, que estuvo compuesto por llamaradas que variaron en brillo y duración, pudo ser identificado luego de que un grupo de investigadores observara a Sagitario A* mediante la cámara de infrarrojo cercano del telescopio espacial James Webb durante un total de 48 horas en el transcurso de un año.

Se descubrió que el disco de acreción produce entre cinco y seis grandes llamaradas al día, con otras más pequeñas entre ellas. Farhad Yusef-Zadeh, de la Universidad Northwestern (EE.UU.), señaló que estos destellos ocurren aleatoriamente, sin un patrón predecible. "El perfil de actividad del agujero negro era nuevo y emocionante cada vez que lo mirábamos", agregó.

Una causa para cada tipo de llamarada

Los científicos sugirieron que estas variaciones podrían ser ocasionadas por dos procesos distintos. Se cree que las llamaradas más pequeñas podrían ser causadas por perturbaciones en el disco de acreción, que comprime un gas caliente y energético, llamado plasma, liberando una explosión de radiación.

Mientras tanto, las llamaradas más grandes podrían deberse a la colisión de campos magnéticos cerca del agujero negro, que expulsan partículas energéticas que viajan a velocidades cercanas a la de la luz.

Un hallazgo inesperado

Los especialistas descubrieron un retraso inesperado entre los cambios de brillo de las llamaradas, al observar dos longitudes de onda de luz diferentes. Este evento, que dura desde unos pocos segundos hasta 40 segundos, podría proporcionar información importante sobre lo que está sucediendo alrededor del agujero negro.

Una posible explicación es que las partículas expulsadas por las llamaradas pierden energía más rápido en longitudes de onda más corta en comparación con las más largas. Este comportamiento es típico de las partículas que giran en espiral a lo largo de las líneas del campo magnético.

Los resultados obtenidos fueron publicados en The Astrophysical Journal Letters, y ahora los investigadores esperan observar a Sagitario A* durante un tiempo más largo para producir una imagen más detallada de su estructura.    

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