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China despega en la carrera de drones furtivos, mientras EE.UU. sigue en tierra

Expertos indican que el gigante asiático domina la tecnología de aviones furtivos de última generación y ya superó los avances estadounidenses.

Hace varios años, mientras los contratistas de defensa estadounidenses apenas esbozaban conceptos de drones furtivos controlados por ráfagas de aire en lugar de alerones mecánicos, Pekín ya había realizado con éxito pruebas de un prototipo operativo. Según una investigación reciente del profesor Luo Zhenbing de la Universidad Nacional de Tecnología de Defensa de China (NUDT), publicada en la revista Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, Pekín ha tomado la delantera en esta carrera tecnológica clave, dejando atrás a Washington, recoge SCMP.

El avance chino se centra en la tecnología de 'doble chorro sintético' (DSJ, por sus siglas en inglés), que utiliza la vibración de placas cerámicas para generar flujos de aire que controlan el vuelo. A diferencia de los diseños estadounidenses, que dependen de una sola cámara propensa a fallos, el sistema DSJ emplea dos cámaras que operan de manera alternada, reduciendo el estrés en los componentes y triplicando su vida útil. Además, consume la mitad de energía, lo que lo hace más eficiente.

Esta innovación permite a los drones maniobrar sin superficies de control tradicionales, haciéndolos menos detectables por radar y más versátiles. Los ingenieros chinos ya aplican el DSJ para controlar el vuelo, prevenir la formación de hielo en las alas e incluso crear motores de empuje vectorial sin partes móviles, un avance revolucionario en la propulsión aérea.

Drones chinos: del cielo al agua

Los drones equipados con DSJ demuestran capacidades únicas, como la transición entre modos submarinos y aéreos, algo nunca antes logrado con sistemas de dirección de fluido. Las primeras pruebas de estos drones se realizaron en 2021, y para 2023 la tecnología ya permitía controlar los tres ejes de movimiento (alabeo, cabeceo y guiñada) en un dron de ala fija.

En 2024, China estableció el Comité de Control de Flujo y Gestión Térmica bajo la Sociedad Aeronáutica, integrando a instituciones académicas y empresas estatales como la Corporación de la Industria de la Aviación de China (AVIC) para acelerar el desarrollo de esta tecnología.

Mientras tanto, el proyecto estadounidense X-65, desarrollado por la Agencia de Proyectos de Investigación Avanzada de Defensa (DARPA), sigue en tierra. Se espera que la aeronave realice su primer vuelo en el verano de 2025, años después de que Pekín ya hubiera demostrado la viabilidad de sus avances. 

Según Luo y su equipo, la tecnología de China supera la de EE.UU., que aún está en progreso, y con aplicaciones mucho más amplias.