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Una infección a menudo ignorada podría aumentar el riesgo de cáncer

Un nuevo estudio involucró el análisis del tejido cervical de 39 mujeres tanzanas, 20 de las cuales estaban infectadas con un parásito reconocido por ser el causante del cáncer de vejiga.

Una enfermedad parasitaria a menudo ignorada podría activar genes relacionados con el cáncer de cuello uterino en mujeres infectadas, particularmente después de ser tratadas con fármacos especializados, informó este sábado la Sociedad Europea de Microbiología y Enfermedades Infecciosas (ESCMID, por sus siglas en inglés).

La esquistosomiasis, común en regiones con limitado a agua potable y saneamiento, es causada cuando los huevos depositados por el parásito 'Schistosoma haematobium' se infiltran en las vías urinarias y reproductivas. Pese a que este microorganismo es reconocido como el causante del cáncer de vejiga, su potencial para afectar el cuello uterino a nivel genético había permanecido inexplorado hasta ahora.

Un vínculo con el cáncer cervical

Un nuevo estudio presentado en la conferencia ESCMID Global 2025 involucró el análisis del tejido cervical de 39 mujeres de Tanzania, 20 de las cuales estaban infectadas con el 'S. haematobium'. Las muestras de este grupo fueron recolectadas al inicio y entre 4 y 12 meses después de ser tratadas con praziquantel, un antiparasitario estándar.

Tras la secuenciación de ARN y pruebas de expresión génica, los investigadores observaron diferencias significativas en nueve genes entre mujeres infectadas y no infectadas, cuatro de los cuales estaban relacionados con el cáncer cervical.

También observaron cambios en 23 genes de mujeres cuyas infecciones desaparecieron tras el tratamiento, así como variaciones en 29 genes entre mujeres que habían sido tratadas y las que nunca se infectaron.

La investigadora Anna Maria Mertelsmann explicó que estos resultados sugieren que la infección por 'S. haematobium' puede provocar "cambios moleculares" que incrementan la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres a "los procesos relacionados con el cáncer de cuello uterino".

Asimismo, dijo que el tratamiento con praziquantel parece intensificar estos cambios genéticos, lo que plantea preocupaciones sobre "los efectos a largo plazo" del medicamento, además de "destacar la necesidad un seguimiento cuidadoso" luego de istrarlo.

En un intento por confirmar estos hallazgos, los científicos están realizando una investigación más amplia que consiste en examinar a 180 mujeres durante 12 meses. También se prevé realizar más experimentos para investigar si las mujeres que han padecido de esquistosomiasis pueden presentar un mayor riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de cuello uterino debido a las infecciones ocasionadas por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH).