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Apple, ¿al borde del colapso por los aranceles de Trump?

La compañía produce la mayor parte de sus productos en el país asiático y planeaba aumentar su capacidad productiva en la India para evitar los altos aranceles impuestos por el presidente estadounidense.

El gigante tecnológico estadounidense Apple estuvo al borde de su mayor crisis desde la pandemia del covid-19 debido a los aranceles sin precedentes del presidente Donald Trump contra China, que amenazaban con interrumpir la cadena de suministro de la compañía y crear una escasez de sus productos en el mercado de EE.UU., informa Bloomberg. 

La compañía se salvó de la crisis gracias a la decisión del mandatario de eximir los celulares, procesadores, discos duros, computadoras y los chips de los aranceles. "Este es un gran alivio para Apple […] Los aranceles habrían impulsado la inflación de los costes materiales", afirmó el analista de Evercore ISI, Amit Daryanan, quien confía en que las acciones del gigante tecnológico suban esta semana tras una caída del 11 % en lo que va de mes.

Posibles soluciones y riesgos

Antes de la última exención, Apple planeaba cambiar su cadena de suministro, aumentando la producción de iPhone para EE.UU. en la India, que habría estado sujeta a gravámenes más bajos. De este modo, la empresa quería evitar una subida significativa de los precios. Sin embargo, esto habría sido una solución a corto plazo, ya que la capacidad de producción en la India es de solo unos 30 millones de iPhones al año, cuando Apple vende alrededor de 220-230 millones de estos dispositivos al año.

Bloomberg señala que aún persiste el temor a una crisis, dado que las políticas de la istración Trump podrían volver a cambiar. Según el secretario de Comercio de EE.UU., Howard Lutnick, los 'smartphones' y otros dispositivos electrónicos, se verán afectados por el nuevo arancel a los semiconductores, y entonces Apple tendrá que desarrollar una nueva estrategia.

Alrededor del 87 % de iPhones, el 80 % de iPads y el 60 % de los ordenadores Mac se fabrican en China, de acuerdo con los datos de Morgan Stanley. La decisión de Trump pretende animar a Apple a trasladar la producción a EE.UU., pero debido a la escasez de ingeniería y fabricación esto es casi imposible a corto plazo.

Además, las plantas de la compañía estadounidense en China son consideradas las más eficientes y también son necesarias para la venta de los productos de Apple a otros países, lo que le genera el 60 % de sus ingresos.