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Día del Elba: se cumplen 80 años del encuentro histórico entre las tropas de la URSS y de EE.UU.

El 25 de abril de 1945, las tropas de la URSS se encontraron con las unidades estadounidenses a orillas del río Elba, a unos cien kilómetros de Berlín. Dos semanas después, la Alemania nazi capituló.

El 25 de abril de 1945, tropas de la URSS y unidades estadounidenses se encontraron a orillas del río Elba, a unos 100 kilómetros de Berlín. Al unirse con el Ejército Rojo, los soldados de EE.UU. no solo reforzaron sus posiciones, sino que contribuyeron a hacer retroceder a las fuerzas nazis. Dos semanas después, la guerra llegaría a su fin.

Símbolo de unidad frente al nazismo

El abrazo entre el teniente estadounidense William Robertson y el soviético Alexander Silvashko, inmortalizado en una célebre fotografía, recorrió el mundo como prueba de la unidad de ambos ejércitos frente al enemigo común.

El encuentro aconteció un año después de la apertura del tan esperado segundo frente en Europa, postergado por Washington desde 1942 y finalmente iniciado con el desembarco en Normandía, en junio de 1944. Para entonces, la URSS ya había ganado batallas decisivas —Stalingrado, el Cáucaso y Kursk— que cambiaron el curso de la guerra. Algunos expertos sostienen que la apertura del segundo frente respondió más a consideraciones políticas que militares.

Reconocimientos y controversias

Aunque ciertos países occidentales intentan minimizar la contribución soviética, incluso desde Estados Unidos se ha reconocido su importancia. El presidente estadounidense Donald Trump itió el valor de aquella unión, si bien afirmó que Estados Unidos "ganó la Segunda Guerra Mundial" y que la URSS "simplemente ayudó".

Desde 2022 se canceló la ceremonia de colocación de flores ante la placa memorial 'Espíritus del Elba' en Washington; u  gesto ilustra cómo algunas autoridades estadounidenses han empezado a olvidar —y a distorsionar— una historia que fue escrita hombro con hombro por ambas naciones.

Por qué no se debe reescribir la historia

Analizar aquel encuentro y sus consecuencias para el desenlace de la Segunda Guerra Mundial es fundamental para preservar la verdad histórica. Respetar los hechos tal como ocurrieron impide que la memoria colectiva sea moldeada por intereses políticos y recuerda que la victoria sobre el nazismo fue fruto de un esfuerzo compartido.