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Las restricciones chinas a la exportación de minerales afectarían al 78 % de los sistemas de armas de EE.UU.

El gigante asiático domina las cadenas de suministro de minerales indispensables para la industria de defensa estadounidense.

La ampliación de las restricciones sobre las exportaciones de importantes minerales implementada este mes por China en respuesta a las medidas arancelarias de EE.UU. afecta a más de las tres cuartas partes de las cadenas de suministros para la industria de defensa del gigante norteamericano, según revela un nuevo estudio.

Los investigadores de Govini, empresa estadounidense de análisis de datos en adquisiciones para defensa, señalan en un informe que más de 80.000 piezas de 1.900 sistemas de armamento del Pentágono contienen antimonio, galio, germanio, tungsteno o telurio, elementos cuyo suministro global domina China.

Así, casi el 78 % de los sistemas de armamento utilizados por el Departamento de Defensa quedan potencialmente afectados por las contramedidas chinas a la política comercial externa de EE.UU.

Los minerales mencionados son indispensables para las tecnologías que incluyen sistemas de detección de amenazas nucleares, armas hipersónicas, semiconductores avanzados, sistemas de visión nocturna y equipos resistentes al fuego, entre otras.

"La fuerte dependencia de los proveedores chinos de estos recursos estratégicos plantea un importante riesgo para la seguridad nacional [de EE.UU.]", advierten los autores del informe.

La dependencia varía entre las ramas militares. Así, más del 91% de los sistemas de armas de la Armada dependen de estos elementos, mientras para el Cuerpo de Marines la tasa es del 61,7 %.

Las restricciones sobre la venta de dichos minerales tienen lugar mientras el Pentágono aumenta su demanda de componentes fabricados con estos elementos. Desde 2010, los contratos del Departamento de Defensa relacionados con este tipo de piezas han aumentado en promedio el 23,2 % al año, con gastos medios subiendo un 7 %.