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El Parlamento de Hungría vota a favor de abandonar la "politizada" Corte Penal Internacional

La decisión del órgano legislativo fue comunicada por el ministro de Exteriores, Peter Szijjarto.

El Parlamento de Hungría votó este martes a favor de abandonar la Corte Penal Internacional (I), ha comunicado el ministro de Exteriores, Peter Szijjarto, en su cuenta de X.

"Con esta decisión, nos negamos a ser parte de una institución politizada que ha perdido su imparcialidad y credibilidad", explicó el canciller húngaro la decisión del órgano legislativo. La votación celebrada en el Parlamento forma parte del proceso de salida de la I que Budapest comenzó el 3 de abril. 

Hungría ha criticado en varias ocasiones al organismo. Así, en 2023, Budapest no apoyó la decisión del tribunal de emitir una orden de arresto contra el presidente ruso, Vladímir Putin, en el contexto del conflicto en Ucrania. Además, calificó de "escandalosamente descarada" y "cínica" la orden de arresto emitida en 2024 contra el primer ministro de Israel, Benjamín Netanyahu.

Tras salir de la I, Hungría dejará de ser uno de 125 del tribunal que tienen la obligación de cooperar con él, mientras que los demás pueden no hacerlo. De momento, entre los Estados que no reconocen su jurisdicción están EE.UU. (firmó el Estatuto de Roma pero retiró su firma), Rusia (firmó pero no ratificó), Israel (firmó pero no ratificó) y China (no firmó el documento).

Un tribunal desacreditado

La I fue creada por el Estatuto de Roma como un órgano judicial independiente, pero en los últimos años han aumentado las críticas contra el tribunal, que, según varios líderes mundiales, políticos y juristas, carece de imparcialidad y se ha desacreditado. En particular, se ha criticado repetidamente el sesgo "africano" del tribunal: se ha centrado desproporcionadamente en crímenes de guerra cometidos en conflictos en África.

Por su parte, EE.UU. acusó a la corte de abusar de su poder en relación con el caso de Netanyahu. El presidente Donald Trump firmó una orden ejecutiva que sanciona a la I, acusándola de atacar indebidamente a su país y a Israel.

Asimismo, el ministro de Exteriores de Rusia, Serguéi Lavrov, declaró que la corte "ha demostrado en repetidas ocasiones su parcialidad política, su falta de profesionalidad e incluso su incomprensión de ciertas normas del derecho internacional".

Algunos expertos también han señalado un "problema de doble estándar" en el tribunal internacional. Así, un caso relevante es el de Ucrania, que se adhiere a la I bajo la condición de no ser juzgada durante siete años, mientras enfrenta acusaciones de crímenes de lesa humanidad por sus ataques a civiles y por perseguir a la población rusoparlante durante años.

PARA SABER QUÉ ES LA CORTE PENAL INTERNACIONAL Y POR QUÉ SE HA DESACREDITADO LEA ESTE ARTÍCULO