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Agencia de Subsuelo: Rusia tiene metales raros para 400 años

No es necesario realizar más exploraciones geológicas para estos recursos naturales, precisó el jefe de Rosnedra.

Rusia tiene reservas de la mayoría de los metales raros como para cientos de años, declaró el jueves el jefe de la Agencia Federal para el Uso del Subsuelo (Rosnedra), Oleg Kazánov, durante la sesión 'Uso del subsuelo y ecología: desafíos globales y mantenimiento del equilibrio'.

"El análisis de los recursos disponibles es fundamental. Si lo ampliamos más allá de las tierras raras, veremos que la mayoría de los metales raros, como el niobio y el tantalio, están ampliamente disponibles. Si estandarizamos el consumo anual de la economía rusa, estas cifras serán de 100, 200 y 400 años. Es decir, contamos con reservas suficientes en gran medida", afirmó.

En este contexto, el director de Rosnedra señaló que si bien no es necesario realizar más exploraciones geológicas para estos metales, sí se requeriría seleccionar escenarios óptimos de desarrollo, elaborar tecnologías y preparar los depósitos para su entrada en servicio.

Por otra parte, Kazánov identificó un grupo de minerales cuyos depósitos y reservas existentes no pueden abastecerlos, de manera que para que la economía funcione se utilizan suministros importados. Estos recursos naturales están siendo desarrollados enérgicamente, precisó.

"Tipos como manganeso, cromo, uranio [...] realizamos una exploración geológica agresiva para este tipo de materias primas, combinamos etapas, invertimos dinero y nos embarcamos en proyectos arriesgados, porque el riesgo está justificado", detalló.

Como ejemplo de la principal herramienta para realizar ese trabajo, citó el programa 'Geología: renacimiento de la leyenda', cuya segunda etapa se extenderá de 2025 a 2027, e incluye 38 sitios de exploración de minerales sólidos, de los cuales 32 son metales industriales, entre ellos 23 considerados tipos escasos de materias primas.

A finales de marzo, se dio a conocer que Rusia y EE.UU. empezaron a entablar conversaciones acerca de proyectos relacionados con la explotación de tierras raras en el país euroasiático.

El presidente estadounidense, Donald Trump, declaró que le gustaría llegar a un acuerdo con Rusia para obtener a las tierras raras del país. "Me gustaría también comprar minerales en tierras rusas si podemos", expresó en ese momento. "Tienen muy buenas tierras raras, [...] petróleo y gas", precisó. 

A su vez, el mandatario ruso, Vladímir Putin, aseguró que su país está dispuesto a trabajar con socios extranjeros en materia de exploración de tierras raras al ser una de las naciones líderes en reservas de estos minerales.