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EE.UU. modifica su estrategia militar en África

Los planes contemplan un repliegue paulatino de la presencia directa de EE.UU., mientras se insiste en que África debe asumir una mayor carga en su propia seguridad.

Estados Unidos está modificando su estrategia militar en África, reduciendo su énfasis en promover un 'buen gobierno' y trasladando la responsabilidad de defensa hacia los propios países africanos, informa AP News.

Durante el ejercicio militar African Lion, en Marruecos, el general Michael Langley, principal funcionario militar estadounidense en África, afirmó que los aliados regionales deben prepararse para operar de forma independiente, marcando así un cambio en el mensaje tradicional de cooperación integral.

"Es necesario que haya cierta distribución de la carga", dijo Langley el último día del ejercicio. "Necesitamos poder llevar a nuestros socios al nivel de operaciones independientes" aseveró.

Esa postura contempla el repliegue paulatino de la presencia directa de EE.UU., mientras se insiste en que África debe asumir una mayor carga en su propia seguridad. Según Langley, el Departamento de Defensa tiene sus "prioridades establecidas" y el Ejército busca medidas para "construir una fuerza más ágil y letal".

Situación crítica

Este giro estratégico ocurre en un momento crítico, cuando las insurgencias yihadistas ganan terreno en diversas regiones del continente, especialmente en el Sahel y Somalia, donde los ejércitos locales continúan siendo débiles y mal equipados.

De tal manera, tras la inversión de cientos de millones de dólares y la presencia de unos 6.500 efectivos del Comando África de EE.UU., el apoyo directo se verá reducido. Entre tanto, señala la agencia noticiosa, Rusia y China están fortaleciendo su influencia mediante entrenamientos y acuerdos militares.

Aunque en algunos casos, como en Costa de Marfil, la cooperación entre desarrollo y defensa ha mostrado resultados positivos, esta es la excepción y no la norma. El propio Langley itió haber visto "avances y retrocesos", y reconoció que muchos países siguen lejos de poder enfrentar por sí solos las amenazas internas. La retirada estratégica de EE.UU. redefine su papel en África y deja a sus aliados con un mayor desafío por delante.