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Prueba de ADN revela linaje "fantasma" de una población misteriosa

Su descubrimiento no solo ofrece pistas sobre los orígenes del pueblo tibetano, sino que también ayuda a los investigadores a cartografiar la diversidad genética de China.

Científicos en China han descubierto restos de unos 7.000 años de antigüedad que podrían pertenecer a un linaje "fantasma" del que solo se tenían teorías, recoge Live Science.

Se trata del esqueleto de una mujer del Neolítico temprano que estaba enterrado en el yacimiento arqueológico de Xingyi, al suroeste de China. Su descubrimiento no solo ayuda a los investigadores a cartografiar la diversidad genética del gigante asiático, sino que también ofrece pistas sobre los orígenes del pueblo tibetano. Varios estudios anteriores han mostrado que los tibetanos provienen de una población del norte de Asia oriental que se mezcló con una ascendencia que ha permanecido como un misterio hasta ahora.

"Es probable que hubiera más ejemplares de su especie, pero aún no se han tomado muestras de ellos", dijo al medio Qiaomei Fu, paleontóloga y autora de una investigación publicada este jueves en la revista Science, en la que se describen 127 genomas humanos que databan de entre 1.400 y 7.150 años atrás, incluido el de la mujer.

La ascendencia fantasma de los tibetanos

El término población "fantasma" se refiere a un grupo de personas de las que únicamente se tiene información mediante análisis estadísticos de ADN antiguo y moderno, pero de las que no se tiene evidencia antropológica. En este contexto, los científicos descubrieron que los genes de la mujer, a la que llamaron Xingyi, diferían de los asiáticos orientales y meridionales, mientras que se acercaban a la población fantasma observada en los tibetanos modernos.

Esto podría convertirla en el registro físico de un linaje denominado Xingyi del Asia Basal, que divergió de otros humanos hace al menos 40.000 años y se mantuvo separado de otros grupos, evitando las mezclas de su ADN. Sin embargo, los investigadores señalaron que estos resultados deben ser tomados con cautela, ya que la evidencia proviene de una persona y se necesita más información para establecer su relación con la ascendencia fantasma de los tibetanos.