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Los graves daños que estos alimentos provocan en la salud de los niños

Son un factor determinante en la creciente incidencia de enfermedades crónicas infantiles.

La Casa Blanca publicó recientemente el primer informe de la comisión presidencial MAHA (Make America Healthy Again, Hacer que EE.UU. vuelva a ser saludable), en el que sostiene que la infancia estadounidense se encuentra en crisis, ya que las tasas de enfermedades físicas y mentales en niños está aumentando alarmantemente.

Según estadísticas citadas en el documento, más del 40 % de los menores estadounidenses padece al menos una afección crónica, como asma, alergias, obesidad, enfermedades autoinmunes o trastornos del comportamiento.

¿Qué está impulsando este aumento?

La comisión señala el alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados (AUP) como un factor determinante en la creciente incidencia de enfermedades crónicas infantiles. Estos productos se han consolidado como un pilar de la sociedad y economía estadounidenses posteriores a la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Aunque esta clase de alimentos ha contribuido a reducir costos y facilitar el rápido a la alimentación, la dependencia excesiva actual está afectando seriamente la salud de la infancia. "Esta crisis se debe, en gran medida, a décadas de políticas que han socavado el sistema alimentario y perpetuado la entrega de alimentos poco saludables a nuestros niños", subraya la comisión.

En el informe se reporta que cerca del 70 % de las dietas infantiles y el 50 % de las de mujeres embarazadas o en posparto en EE.UU. están compuestas por este tipo de productos. También se detalla que la ingesta excesiva de los AUP ha derivado en una reducción de micronutrientes y fibra dietética, al tiempo que promueve un consumo elevado de azúcares y carbohidratos con consecuencias negativas para la salud.

Por otro lado, menciona que esta tendencia ha llevado a que tres ingredientes dominen la dieta infantil estadounidense: cereales ultraprocesados, azúcares y grasas. Estos componentes, en gran medida ausentes de la alimentación hace apenas un siglo, hoy representan más de dos tercios de las calorías que ingieren los niños estadounidenses.

Marion Nestle, de la Universidad de Nueva York, declaró que el informe era "una crítica devastadora de qué les ha sucedido a los niños estadounidenses". Sin embargo, advirtió que, para abordar las causas profundas de las condiciones descritas en el documento, el Gobierno de EE.UU. deberá "enfrentarse" a los intereses corporativos, incluida la industria alimentaria.

¿Todos los AUP son dañinos?

A pesar de que los AUP se han asociado con diversas enfermedades crónicas, Paul Dawson, de la Universidad de Clemson (EE.UU.), aclara que no todos estos tipos de productos son iguales, ya que su valor nutricional varía, y algunos cumplen funciones importantes, especialmente en poblaciones vulnerables.

A manera de ejemplo, Dawson explica que los alimentos con sucromalt, un edulcorante de carbohidratos de liberación lenta, pueden ser beneficiosos para personas con diabetes, al ayudar a evitar picos de glucosa. Asimismo, menciona que las fórmulas infantiles hipoalergénicas pueden ser vitales para bebés que no toleran la leche en los primeros meses de vida.