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Científicos desarrollan sangre artificial compatible con todos los grupos sanguíneos

La sangre sintética puede almacenarse por hasta dos años a temperatura ambiente y por cinco años refrigerada, lo que supone una mejora significativa con respecto a los glóbulos rojos donados.

Un grupo de científicos liderado por Hiromi Sakai, de la Universidad Médica de Nara (Japón), ha desarrollado un nuevo tipo de sangre artificial que puede utilizarse en pacientes de cualquier grupo sanguíneo, informaron este lunes medios locales.

La sangre sintética puede almacenarse por hasta dos años a temperatura ambiente y por cinco años refrigerada, lo que supone una mejora significativa con respecto a los glóbulos rojos donados, que solo pueden almacenarse refrigerados durante un máximo de 42 días.

Los ensayos a pequeña escala comenzaron en 2022, cuando tres grupos de cuatro voluntarios varones sanos de entre 20 y 50 años recibieron una única inyección intravenosa de vesículas de hemoglobina en cantidades crecientes, hasta 100 mililitros.

Aunque algunos participantes experimentaron efectos secundarios leves, no se produjeron cambios significativos en los signos vitales, incluida la presión arterial. A raíz de ese éxito, Sakai anunció el pasado mes de julio que su equipo estaba acelerando el proceso. En marzo, comenzó a istrar entre 100 y 400 mililitros de la solución de células sanguíneas artificiales a los voluntarios.

En caso de que no se confirmen efectos secundarios, el ensayo pasará a examinar la eficacia y la seguridad del tratamiento. El objetivo de los investigadores es que los glóbulos rojos artificiales puedan empezar a usarse para el año 2030.