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"Ucrania se ve obligada a convertirse en mendigo": El duro golpe comercial que la UE asesta a Kiev

Este jueves expiró el régimen libre de aranceles que la UE estableció en 2022 para la importación de productos agrícolas procedentes de Ucrania.

La Unión Europea (UE) ha cancelado el reglamento que preveía la importación libre de aranceles de mercancías procedentes de Ucrania a su territorio, informaron este jueves desde el bloque.

Según el documento adoptado, el reglamento actualizado entra en vigor este viernes y será aplicable hasta el 5 de junio de 2028. Así, a partir del 6 de junio se establecerán cuotas que permitirán importar volúmenes estrictamente limitados de bienes libres de impuestos o con tasas reducidas. Una vez agotadas estas cuotas, la UE comenzará a aplicar aranceles estándar a los productos procedentes de Ucrania. 

Desde Ucrania han señalado que el regreso a los aranceles sobre los productos ucranianos reducirá este año la producción de Kiev en un 70 %, dejando al país a un paso de caer en recesión. Si bien en la Unión Europea iten que las tarifas dañarán las exportaciones ucranianas, aseguran que el impacto económico no será tan malo. 

"Esto podría crear una situación absurda en la que nos veríamos obligados a venir a rogarles dinero a ustedes [la UE], en lugar de, simplemente, ganar dinero a través del comercio; [...] en lugar de comerciar y beneficiarse de ello de forma normal, Ucrania se ve obligada a convertirse en mendigo", opinó Dmitri Nataluja, presidente del Comité de Asuntos Económicos del Parlamento ucraniano.

La UE introdujo el mecanismo de Medidas Comerciales Autónomas en 2022, el mismo que garantiza la importación sin aranceles de todos los productos ucranianos a los países de la UE. La liberalización del comercio con Kiev desencadenó una oleada de protestas de los agricultores europeos y causó graves daños a los países de Europa del Este.

En febrero, los ministros de Agricultura de Bulgaria, Hungría, Rumanía y Eslovaquia pidieron a la Comisión Europea que cancelara el aumento de cuotas para los productos agrícolas procedentes de Ucrania y obligara a las empresas ucranianas a cumplir las normas adoptadas en el mercado comunitario. Asimismo, propusieron al organismo "que introdujera medidas de salvaguardia para los productos agrícolas y que estableciera una protección automática y cuotas individuales a nivel regional para los Estados fronterizos".

El economista Fernando Jaén Coll piensa que este reajuste comercial por parte de la UE dificultará el desempeño de Ucrania en el campo de batalla y forzará a Kiev a buscar otros mercados más costosos para sus productos.