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¿Ha liberado China un 'cisne negro' económico?

China ha anunciado medidas que permitirían a los bancos del país invertir alrededor de 200.000 millones de dólares en su economía. Con ello busca minimizar el riesgo de deflación, si bien amenazan con desencadenar un efecto 'cisne negro' creando una burbuja en el mercado de valores, advierten los economistas.

El Banco Popular Chino (PBOC por sus siglas en inglés) anunció este domingo que bajará en 100 puntos básicos el coeficiente de reservas obligatorias para todos los bancos chinos, es decir, el porcentaje de dinero que los bancos deben mantener en reservas líquidas y que no pueden invertir. La medida permitirá a los bancos invertir en la economía alrededor de 1,3 billones de yuanes, es decir 210.000 millones de dólares, calcula el banco Societe Generale, "inundando" de esta forma de liquidez el mercado interbancario, según el informe del grupo bancario ANZ, citados por ABC.

Además, los bancos que apoyan las actividades agrícolas y las pequeñas empresas contarán con una rebaja adicional de 50 puntos básicos. ANZ también prevé que en próximos tres meses el PBOC recorte el coeficiente de reservas obligatorias para todo el sector bancario en unos 25 puntos más. Pero incluso sin esta medida, se trata del mayor recorte de dicho coeficiente desde 2008, lo que evidencia que China "ha entrado en un ciclo de flexibilización monetaria agresiva" para salvarse a sí misma de la recesión económica y afrontar el riesgo de deflación, según ANZ.

Sepa más: El mayor problema de la economía mundial es... ¿el exceso de dinero?

De acuerdo con ANZ, la decisión de China amenaza con un 'cisne negro', es decir un evento poco probable que, sin embargo, puede desencadenar consecuencias sumamente perjudiciales.

"El recorte agresivo del coeficiente de reservas obligatorias echará más leña al mercado de valores que ya arde" debido a la cantidad de dinero de la que dispone, explica ANZ. De esta forma, el dinero liberado por el recorte podría crear una burbuja especulativa en el mercado de valores, dando lugar a perturbaciones del mercado a gran escala si China no adopta medidas regulatorias, advierte el grupo bancario. En cualquier caso, dichas medidas podrían impulsar el mercado inmobiliario de China, concluye el informe.