*, amp-video, amp-youtube, amp-img{ padding: 0; margin: 0; box-sizing: border-box; } body { background-color: #fff; color: #000; font-family: "Tahoma", "Arial", Roboto, "Segoe WP", "Segoe UI", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; position: relative; width: 100%; } .amp-pages { padding: 100px 24px 0 24px; max-width: 1104px; margin: 0 auto; overflow: hidden; } .amp-pages__summary{ font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 16px; } .amp-pages__title { font-size: 28px; line-height: 38px; font-weight: 900; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 16px; } .amp-pages__date { font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; display: block; color: #737373; } .cover__footer { font-size: 13px; color: #a9a9a9; line-height: 25px; padding: 0 1%; } .amp-pages__text { max-width: 914px; margin: 0 auto; } .amp-pages__text p, .amp-pages__text li { font-weight: 400; margin: 15px auto; max-width: 720px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; } .amp-pages__text h2, .amp-pages__text h3 { font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px; margin: 24px auto; max-width: 720px; } .amp-pages__text a{ color: #6ec702; text-decoration: none; } .amp-pages__text a:hover{ color: #6ec702; text-decoration: underline; } .text__cover{ margin-top: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; } .link-vivo { display: block; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.2em; background-color: #aa0505; padding: 9px 10px; border-radius: 3px; line-height: normal; } .logo { text-decoration: none; } .logo__image { display: inline-block; background: url("/static/img/amp/logo-top.png") no-repeat 0 0; background-size: 2.8em 2.8em; width: 50px; vertical-align: top; text-indent: -9999px; width: 50px; } .logo__text { display: inline-block; color: #bfbfbf; text-transform: uppercase; float: right; } .copyright { color: #888; font-size: 13px; text-align: center; padding: 24px; border-top: 1px solid #dadde1; max-width: 1104px; margin: 0 auto; } .copyright .Copyright-langs { display: flex; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap; } .copyright .Copyright-lang { padding: 10px 8px; } .copyright .Copyright-lang a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; } .copyright .Copyright-text { margin-bottom: 10px; } .copyright .Footer--notification { font-weight: 400; font-size: 22px; color: #ccc; } .top-mobile-buttons { display: block; width: 95%; text-align: center; margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 1.4em; } .top-mobile-button { display: inline-block; width: 45%; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; color: #044EAA; border: 1px solid #adadad; border-radius: 16px; height: 32px; line-height: 31px; margin: 0 2%; font-size: 14px; text-decoration: none; } .liveupdates__item { margin: 24px 0; } .liveupdates__item .cover { margin: 0; } .liveupdates__content { padding: 16px; border: 1px solid #d8d8d8; position: relative; border-radius: 3px; } .liveupdates__item time { margin-bottom: 4px; display: inline-block; } .liveupdates__item h4 { margin-bottom: 16px; } amp-social-share { display: inline-block; margin: 5px 0 10px 0; margin-right: 5px; } .amp-pages__cover.cover .cover__footer, .text__cover.cover .cover__footer { line-height: 16px; padding: 10px; } .amp-pages blockquote > :first-child::before { content: "\201c"; color: #000; font-size: 35px; position: absolute; left: 0; margin-top: 5px; } .amp-pages blockquote > :last-child::after { content: "\201d"; color: #000; font-size: 35px; position: absolute; margin-top: 6px; margin-left: 3px; } .amp-pages blockquote { color: #000000; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; line-height: 20px; margin: 0 10px 10px 0; padding: 0 15px 0 20px; position: relative; } .amp-pages blockquote p { font-weight: bold; } /* .amp-pages__text > amp-iframe { margin-bottom: 16px; } */ .fb-video, .fb-post, .fb-post span, .fb-post span iframe { width: 100%; } .read-more { display: block; width: 100%; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 24px 0; padding: 16px 0; border-top: 4px double #ccc; border-bottom: 4px double #ccc; } .read-more .read-more__cover { margin-bottom: 16px; } .read-more .read-more__title { display: none; } .read-more .read-more__footer { color: #18191a; font-weight: 700; } amp-img > img { -o-object-fit: contain; object-fit: contain; } amp-carousel.gallery { background: #ffffff; } amp-carousel.gallery { margin-bottom: 15px; } amp-carousel.gallery .caption { padding-top: 3px; line-height: 1.3; color: #000; } amp-carousel.gallery div[style] { padding: 0 5px; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; } amp-carousel.gallery-reore .caption { display: none; } amp-carousel.gallery img, amp-carousel.carousel-preview img, amp-carousel.gallery-reore img { -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; } amp-carousel.carousel-preview .amp-carousel-slide { margin: 4px; padding: 0; } amp-carousel.carousel-preview button { height: 40px; width: 60px; min-width: 60px; margin: 4px; padding: 0; background-color: transparent; border-radius: 0; border: none; } amp-carousel.carousel-preview { max-width: 100%; } .amp-apester-container{ margin: 16px auto; } .amp-apester-fullscreen{ left: 0; margin: 0 auto; } /* Banner Rotator */ amp-addthis { margin-left: -10px; } .banner-block { margin-bottom: 24px; } .banner { position: relative; width: 100%; display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-pack: center; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; padding: 16px; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration: none; background-color: #f7f8fb; color: black; } .banner__content { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-pack: center; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; } .banner .banner__icon { background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; background-position: center center; height: 32px; width: 32px; margin: 0 8px; z-index: 2; -webkit-box-flex: 0; -ms-flex: 0 0 auto; flex: 0 0 auto; } .banner__base-text { position: absolute; font-style: normal; font-weight: 900; font-size: 64px; line-height: 72px; color: #000; opacity: .03; top: calc(50% - 42px); } .banner .banner__text { margin: 8px; color: #000; text-align: center; z-index: 2; } .banner_youtube .banner__icon { height: 25px; width: 35px; background-image: url("/static/img/amp/banners/youtube.svg"); } .banner_telegram .banner__icon { background-image: url("/static/img/amp/banners/telegram.svg"); } .banner_twitter .banner__icon { background-image: url("/static/img/amp/banners/xtwitter.svg"); } .banner_rtplay .banner__icon { background-image: url("/static/img/amp/banners/rtplay.svg"); } .banner_google { background-color: #f6f5f6; padding: 0; } .banner_google .banner__icon { width: 140px; background-image: url("/static/img/amp/google.png"); } .banner_google .banner__text { color: #222222; } .media { position: relative; } .spot-im-amp-overflow { background: white; font-size: 15px; padding: 15px 0; text-align: center; color: #307fe2; } /* NEW */ /* Header */ .page-header { position: fixed; width: 100%; z-index: 300; background-color: rgba(255,255,255,1); } .page-header__container { position: relative; width: 100%; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -ms-flex-flow: row wrap; flex-flow: row wrap; min-height: 56px; -webkit--select: none; -moz--select: none; -ms--select: none; -select: none; padding: 16px 24px; max-width: 1536px; margin: auto; } .page-header__logo { position: relative; z-index: 100; height: 56px; display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -webkit-box-pack: start; -ms-flex-pack: start; justify-content: flex-start; padding-top: 0; background-color: transparent; } .page-header__logo .Header-RT { height: 100%; } .page-header__logo .Icon-rtLogo { width: 56px; height: 56px; border-radius: 3px; } .page-header__enVivo { position: relative; z-index: 100; margin-left: 24px; } .page-header__enVivo a { display: block; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; padding: 8px 16px; font-weight: 700; color: #fff; background-color: #e61e0a; border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition: background .3s ease-in-out 0s; -o-transition: background .3s ease-in-out 0s; transition: background .3s ease-in-out 0s; } .page-header__youtube { position: relative; z-index: 100; margin-left: 24px; } .page-header__youtube a { display: flex; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; padding: 8px 16px; font-weight: 700; color: #fff; background-color: #18191a; border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition: background .3s ease-in-out 0s; -o-transition: background .3s ease-in-out 0s; transition: background .3s ease-in-out 0s; } .page-header__youtube span { padding-left: 2px; } .page-header__navButton { cursor: pointer; margin-left: auto; min-width: 48px; height: 48px; display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-pack: center; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; } .page-header__navButton .Icon-burger_open { display: block; } .page-header__navButton .Icon-burger_close { display: none; } .page-header__navClose { display: none; } .page-header__navClose:checked ~ .main-menu_top { display: block; } .page-header__navClose:checked ~ .page-header__navButton .Icon-burger_open { display: none; } .page-header__navClose:checked ~ .page-header__navButton .Icon-burger_close { display: block; } .page-header__onTV { display: block; width: 100%; } .page-header__onTV_link { width: 100%; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; text-align: center; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 24px; padding: 8px 20px; color: #fff; background-color: #18191a; border-radius: 3px; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition: background .3s ease-in-out 0s; -o-transition: background .3s ease-in-out 0s; transition: background .3s ease-in-out 0s; } /* Menu */ .main-menu_top { position: fixed; top: 80px; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; z-index: 100; display: none; } .main-menu { color: #18191a; background: #fff; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-transition: all 400ms; -o-transition: all 400ms; transition: all 400ms; max-height: 100%; width: 100%; font-size: 18px; padding: 24px; max-width: 1536px; margin: auto; overflow-y: scroll; } .main-menu__list { padding-bottom: 18px; } .main-menu__item { position: relative; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 34px; font-size: 30px; -webkit-box-align: start; -ms-flex-align: start; align-items: flex-start; font-weight: 900; background-color: inherit; border: none; list-style-type: none; } .main-menu__link { text-align: left; padding: 4px 0; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; color: inherit; } .main-menu__link:hover { text-decoration: none; } .main-menu_bottom { min-height: 0; } .main-menu__input { display: none; } .main-menu__submenu { display: none; } .main-menu__input:checked ~ .main-menu__submenu { display: block; } .main-menu__subitem { padding: 0 30px; } .main-menu__sublink { padding: 4px 0; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer; color: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; } .main-menu__toggle:after { content: ''; display: inline-block; width: 6px; height: 6px; margin: 7px; border-right: 2px solid #18191a; border-bottom: 2px solid #18191a; transform: rotate(45deg); } /* socials */ amp-social-share { border-radius: 7px; margin-right: 8px; margin-bottom: 16px; background-repeat: no-repeat; } amp-social-share[type="fbmessenger"] { background-size: 50%; background-color: black; background-image: url('/static/img/amp/socials/fbmessenger.svg'); background-position-y: 50%; background-position-x: 50%; } amp-social-share[type="twitter"] { background-size: 50%; background-color: black; background-image: url('/static/img/amp/socials/xtwitter.svg'); background-position-y: 60%; background-position-x: 55%; } amp-social-share[type="whatsapp"] { background-size: 50%; background-color: black; background-image: url('/static/img/amp/socials/whatsapp.svg'); } amp-social-share[type="telegram"] { background-size: 50%; background-color: black; background-image: url('/static/img/amp/socials/telegram.svg'); background-position-y: 70%; } amp-social-share[type="email"] { background-size: 50%; background-color: black; background-image: url('/static/img/amp/socials/email.svg'); background-position-y: 75%; background-position-x: 60%; } /* quotation */ .Quotation-root { max-width: 720px; margin: 32px auto; display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; } .Quotation-root .Quotation-title { padding-top: 16px; font-weight: 500; max-width: 500px; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; font-style: normal; } .Quotation-root figcaption { position: relative; width: 100%; padding-top: 24px; display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .Quotation-root .Quotation-text { font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; display: inline-block; max-width: 720px; margin: 0 auto; font-weight: 800; text-align: center; } .Quotation-root .Quotation-icon1 { -ms-flex-item-align: start; align-self: flex-start; padding-right: 16px; } .Quotation-root .Quotation-icon2 { -ms-flex-item-align: end; align-self: flex-end; padding-left: 16px; } .Quotation-root .Quotation-icon1 svg, .Quotation-root .Quotation-icon2 svg { height: 20px; } /* Blog */ .badge-post-authors { overflow: hidden; position: relative; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-bottom: 16px; } .badge-post-authors .header { font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: 600; margin-left: 16px; } .badge-post-authors .media amp-img { border-radius: 50%; width: 50px; height: 50px; } .badge-post-authors .media amp-img > img{ -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; } .badge-post-authors a { background: 0 0; color: inherit; text-decoration: none; } .text ul { max-width: 720px; margin: 0 auto; } .text li { margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 8px; } /* Footer */ .page-footer { padding: 0 24px; color: #888; max-width: 1104px; margin: 0 auto; } .page-footer a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; } .page-footer li { list-style-type: none; } .page-footer__button-wrapper { color: #fff; max-width: 1104px; margin: auto; margin-bottom: 24px; } .page-footer__button { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 64px; background-color: #18191a; width: 100%; display: block; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; border-radius: 3px; } .page-footer__container { display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-size: 15px; } .page-footer__group { text-align: center; margin: 24px 0; } @media (min-width: 600px) { .page-footer__container { flex-direction: row; } .page-footer__group { width: 33%; } } .page-footer__title { margin-bottom: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 800; } .page-footer__item { margin-bottom: 6px; } /* Menu and footer socials */ .amp-socials__block { margin-bottom: 24px; } .amp-socials { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; } .amp-socials__item { padding: 0 10px; list-style-type: none; } /* comment button */ .amp__comments { color: #fff; margin-bottom: 24px; } .amp__comments a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; } .amp__comments_link { font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 64px; background-color: #307fe2; width: 100%; display: block; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; border-radius: 3px; } .Quotation-root > amp-img { -webkit-border-radius: 50%; -moz-border-radius: 50%; border-radius: 50%; } .article-continue { display: block; width: 100%; padding: 16px; background-color: #F7F8FB; max-width: 720px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: 700; font-style: normal; } a.article-continue { color: #6ec702; text-decoration: none; } .article-continue:before { content: "Actualización"; color: #18191a; display: block; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px; padding-bottom: 4px; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; } .article-continue:before:hover { text-decoration: none; } .article-continue:hover { text-decoration: underline; } .YouTubeEmbed-overlay { padding-top: 56.25%; position: relative; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center center; -webkit-background-size: cover; background-size: cover; } .YouTubeEmbed-icon { position: absolute; width: 68px; height: 48px; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%,-50%); cursor: pointer; background-color: transparent; border: 0; outline: 0; z-index: 1; } .Amp-telegramBanner { width: 100%; max-width: 720px; margin: 0 auto; } .Amp-telegramBanner--desktop { display: none; margin-bottom: 24px; } .Amp-telegramBanner--mobile { display: none; margin-bottom: 24px; } .Reference-root { position: relative; max-width: 768px; margin: 24px auto; padding: 16px 32px; border-radius: 3px; } .Reference-title { position: relative; font-size: 24px; line-height: 32px; font-weight: 700; } .Reference-icon { position: absolute; top: -1px; left: -17px; } .Reference-content p { max-width: 720px; margin: 24px auto; } .Reference-content p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; } .Reference-default { background-color: #ffffff; } .Reference-lightGreen { background-color: #EEFBDA; } .Reference-lightGrey { background-color: #F8F8F8; } .Reference-darkGrey { background-color: #E4E4E4; } .Reference-dark { background-color: #141414; color: #fff; } .Reference-darkTitle, .Reference-greenTitle, .Reference-whiteTitle { padding: 0; } .Reference-darkTitle .Reference-title, .Reference-greenTitle .Reference-title, .Reference-whiteTitle .Reference-title { padding: 12px 24px; border-radius: 3px; } .Reference-darkTitle .Reference-content, .Reference-greenTitle .Reference-content, .Reference-whiteTitle .Reference-content { padding: 0 24px 16px; } .Reference-darkTitle .Reference-content p:first-child, .Reference-greenTitle .Reference-content p:first-child, .Reference-whiteTitle .Reference-content p:first-child { margin-top: 16px; } .Reference-darkTitle .Reference-title { background-color: #141414; color: #ffffff; } .Reference-greenTitle .Reference-title { background-color: #6FB719; color: #ffffff; } .Reference-whiteTitle .Reference-title { background-color: #ffffff; } .Reference-blackRef { background-color: #1F2738; } .Reference-blackRef .Reference-title { color: #ffffff; } .Reference-blackRef .Reference-content { color: #C8C8C8; } .Reference-lightGreyRef { background-color: #F2F2F2; } .Reference-lightGreyRef .Reference-title { color: #000000; } .Reference-lightGreyRef .Reference-content { color: #000000; } @media(min-width: 1024px) { .Amp-telegramBanner--desktop { display: block; } } @media(max-width: 1023px) { .Amp-telegramBanner--mobile { display: block; } } @media(max-width: 390px) { .page-header__enVivo { margin-left: 16px; } .page-header__youtube { margin-left: 16px; } } @media(max-width: 374px) { .page-header__youtube span { display: none; } }

Filipinas: navegando la pobreza

Los marineros filipinos son conocidos en los siete mares por su profesionalidad y entrega en el trabajo. No es sin motivo que Filipinas sea el mayor exportador mundial de mano de obra en este sector. Debido a ello, es muy fácil encontrar filipinos en la tripulación de cualquier barco en cualquier punto del planeta. Lo que la mayoría de la gente desconoce son las dificultades que deben superar hasta poder lucir su uniforme con orgullo.

Filipinas tiene una rica tradición marítima que se remonta a la época colonial española, cuando su ubicación era crucial para el comercio. Hoy en día, el país representa aproximadamente el 30 % de los marineros en las tripulaciones internacionales.

Para tripular un barco, es indispensable contar con una certificación oficial, ya sea como oficial en un barco mercante o como cocinero en un crucero de lujo. Esta certificación cuesta alrededor de 100 dólares y debe renovarse cada cinco años, aunque existen agencias que emiten documentos fraudulentos, incluso si los aspirantes no aprueban los exámenes.

En Filipinas hay más de un millón de marineros registrados, de los cuales unos 700.000 tienen su certificación actualizada. Los incidentes más comunes en alta mar incluyen incendios, hundimientos, caídas al agua y lesiones, lo que añade un nivel de adrenalina a las pruebas, que deben realizarse con rapidez.

A pesar de que la participación femenina está en aumento, la mayoría de los marinos son hombres, muchos de ellos provenientes de las regiones más empobrecidas del país.

Estos enfrentan problemas como el racismo y abusos verbales en algunos barcos, así como riesgos laborales significativos. Muchos evitan conflictos con sus empleadores por temor a perder oportunidades laborales, pero desde 2000 han aumentado las demandas contra empleadores por accidentes y enfermedades.

El Gobierno filipino ha señalado que algunos abogados cobran honorarios excesivos tras ganar casos relacionados. En Manila existe un centro de descanso para marineros que ofrece comida gratuita y asistencia sobre trámites mientras esperan el embarque.

Las remesas de los marineros filipinos son vitales para la economía, alcanzando aproximadamente 7.000 millones de dólares en 2022, aunque expertos indican que esto poco ayuda a erradicar la pobreza. Sin embargo, ante la falta de alternativas, muchos ven en esta labor su única opción de supervivencia.