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¿Es el cáncer de colon la punta del iceberg?: Detectan aumento de 14 tipos de cáncer entre jóvenes

Factores de riesgo como el aumento de la obesidad podrían haber contribuido a la mayor incidencia de enfermedades oncológicas de aparición temprana.

En medio de una explosión de cáncer de colon entre jóvenes, una investigación en Estados Unidos ha puesto al descubierto una creciente incidencia de enfermedades oncológicas entre pacientes menores de 50 años.

En el marco del estudio, publicado el jueves por la revista Cancer Discovery, investigadores de los Institutos Nacionales de la Salud (NIH) realizaron un análisis exhaustivo de 33 tipos de cáncer para diferentes grupos de edad y descubrieron que, entre 2010 y 2019, la incidencia de 14 tipos de cáncer aumentó entre las personas de hasta 49 años de edad, explica el organismo.

De ellos, la incidencia de nueve tipos de cáncer también aumentó entre personas mayores: cáncer de mama en mujeres, cáncer colorrectal, cáncer de riñón, cáncer testicular, cáncer de útero, cáncer de páncreas y tres tipos de linfoma.

Al mismo tiempo, cinco tipos de cáncer aumentaron su incidencia en uno de los grupos de menor edad, pero no en los grupos de mayor edad: melanoma, cáncer de cuello uterino, cáncer de estómago, mieloma y cánceres de huesos y articulaciones.

Asimismo, los científicos descubrieron que los cánceres de mama, colorrectal, de riñón y de útero en mujeres contribuyeron a más del 80 % de los cánceres adicionales de manifestación temprana en 2019, en comparación con los diagnósticos esperados según las tasas de 2010.

Para comprender la magnitud de los aumentos en términos absolutos, los investigadores estimaron cuántas personas adicionales fueron diagnosticadas con cánceres de aparición temprana en 2019. Los mayores aumentos absolutos se observaron en el cáncer de mama femenino, con aproximadamente 4.800 casos adicionales en 2019, seguido del cáncer colorrectal (2.100 casos), el cáncer de riñón (1.800 casos), el cáncer de útero (1.200 casos) y el cáncer de páncreas (500 casos).

En este contexto, los investigadores barajan la posibilidad de que factores de riesgo, como el aumento de la obesidad, puedan haber contribuido a algunos de los aumentos en la incidencia de enfermedades oncológicas de aparición temprana en los últimos años.

Además, los cambios en las directrices de detección de la dolencia, los avances en las tecnologías de imagen y la mayor vigilancia de las personas de alto riesgo también podrían haber propiciado diagnósticos más tempranos de cáncer, lo que podría contribuir al aumento de las tasas en los grupos de edad más jóvenes.